银杏种壳主要矿质元素成分的能谱分析

应用能谱分析(EMA)技术发现:银杏3个品种种子外壳主要矿质营养元素成分以S的含量最高(19.22%~26.93%),其次是P(12.69%~19.75%),含量比较高的元素还有Na(9.36%~13.3%)和Si(9.77%~14.11%);数据显示银杏是一种耐盐植物;3个银杏品种种壳的内外壁营养元素成分有差异,外壁高于内壁的元素有S、P、Si,低于内壁的元素有K、Ca、Cl。     

翅片管加热器换热过程综合能量特性研究

在研究翅片管加热器传热性能及流阻性能的基础上，依据热力学理论，利用不可逆过程Ｙｏｎｇ分析，着重分析管速换热过程的能量特性，将换热过程的传热性能与流阻性能有机地结合提出便于工程实际应用的能量特性分析准则函数。依此探讨管束换热过程特征参数对综合能量利用性能的影响，指导翅片管加热器能量的高效利用，并与光管加热器进行了比较分析。     

Analysis of Causes and Impacts of Soft Budget Constraints of Enterprises Based on Dynamic Game for Three Players

This paper researches the behavior difference among government,banks and enterprises and how it affects soft budget constraints of enterprises and non-performing loans of banks based with dynamic game.The game model suggests that government will give banks some assistance and let them refinance enterprises,especially government has strong(incentive) to sustain SOEs in China's transitional economy.Banks will do it if the assistance from government is more than the loss from refinance enterprises.In addition the value of liquidation of enterprises and the new loans affect banks' refinancing old enterprises.     

竖井贯流泵能量特性试验研究

结合江苏某竖井贯流式泵站，对两种不同转轮在相同进、出水流道情况下进行了能量特性试验研究．试验研究表明，竖井贯流式水泵在超低扬程(1—2m)的调水工程中具有很好的水力性能，其模型泵装置的最高效率达69％左右，该项试验研究为今后竖井贯流泵的进一步开发研究获得了良好的开端．     

液压自由活塞发动机的节能方式研究

液压自由活塞发动机是将内燃机和液压泵集成于一体，实现动力非刚性传输的复合发动机。本文从其内部能量转换及外部能量回收两个方面，详细地分析和阐明了液压自由活塞发动机各种节能方式和实现途径，以液压挖掘机为例，强调液压自由活塞发动机作为中心液压站，结合二次调节及液压变压器技术，简单方便地实现群控节能。     

基于变频驱动的温室变风量通风节能效果试验

基于变频调速驱动技术的温室变风量通风(VAV)方法,可以实现温室夏季通风节能。在一个装备机械通风系统的连栋温室中对设置由变频驱动(VFD)控制的通风系统和常规的开关通风系统进行对比试验。变频控制系统由输入参数为室外环境太阳辐射热流密度和温室内外部温度的控制算法实现变风量通风(VAV),两部分温室的内部气候参数和耗电量得到连续检测并进行对比。连续试验结果表明:在保证两个温室气候参数一致的条件下,变频驱动控制方式比非变频驱动控制方式具有36%(湿帘不工作)和46%(湿帘工作)的节能效果。     

CWZX系列型煤热水锅炉的结构设计与性能分析

介绍了CWZX系列型煤热水锅炉的结构特点、环保指标及运行工况测试分析，并和燃油工业锅炉进行了比较。锅炉各参数的测试和运行证明，CWZX系列型煤热水锅炉具有燃烧洁净、高效节能、符合环保要求、价格低、经久耐用等优点，是工业锅炉的一个发展方向。     

Introduction of Irrigation Service Fee (ISF) in Indonesia: Institutional development in action for resources management

The inability to properly maintain irrigation systems over time forced the Government of Indonesia (GOI) to seek cost recovery from water users through introduction of an irrigation service fee. The plan is to introduce this fee in all of the technical irrigation systems of Indonesia, covering about 4 million hectares, over a 12 year period. Design and Introduction of this service fee in 4 pilot areas of the 4 major rice producing provinces (West, Central and East Java, and South Sulawesi) during 1989–1991 has shown that users are willing to pay. Results of first ISF collection from over 11,000 farmers in Central and East Java in pilot systems was an encouraging 95%. However that acceptance to pay by users depends on their structured and systematic involvement in defining systems needs. They need to understand a differentiation in payment if service levels are different. They appreciate use of collected funds in the system where collected. They understand the organization of water users associations but this requires their active role in fee determination and collection. They understand the establishment of federations of these associations. ISF requires also active involvement of Local Government officials as facilitators and intermediaries between service receivers (the water users) and service providers (personnel of the Public Works irrigation department) in the introduction period. This article describes the experience of the first 21 months of the ISF project, the concept developed, the principles used as basis for ISF, the introduction at the field level, issues related to acceptance by users and by the institutions involved, and the first results.Abbreviations/Acronyms DGWRD Directorate General of Water Resources Development (Ministry of Public Works) - EOM Efficient Operation and Maintenance - Gabungan group of WUAs - IPAIR Indonesian abbreviation for ISF - ISF Irrigation Service Fee - Juru gate keeper - PBB land tax on irrigated lands - PPL agricultural field extension agent - P3A Indonesian abbreviation for Water Users Associations - PU Indonesian abbreviation for Public Works - SM Special Maintenance - WUA Water Users Associations     

积雪覆盖下土壤热状况及其对气象因素的响应研究

为研究季节性冻土区在积雪覆盖条件下,土壤温度变化趋势及气象因素对土壤热状况的影响,以野外实测试验数据(2013年11月8日—2014年4月28日)为基础,分析裸地、自然降雪、积雪压实和积雪加厚覆盖条件下5、10、20、40、60、100、140 cm深度土壤温度变化特征,采用灰色关联度分析的方法筛选出影响土壤热状况的主要气象因素,进而统计土壤温度与气象因素之间的相关关系。结果表明:积雪的存在阻碍了环境与土壤之间的能量交换,引起土壤温度和土壤冻融过程的差异;随着积雪覆盖深度的增加,土壤的冻融日期会出现延迟现象,土壤温度相对稳定在较高水平,并且地、气之间温差增大;冻融过程中土壤温度变化的主要影响因素为环境温度,积雪覆盖使得气象因素与土壤温度的关联度减弱。